Validate expectations for changes in productive use of time as a result of time savings from reduced time spent fetching water. Changes in productive use of time was built into the program logic as a key outcome of the compact. Evaluation results showed that time spent fetching water at the interim stage was relatively low on average, thus it is unlikely that households will realize increases in income on the basis of re-allocations of time spent on household activities to income generating activities as a result of time savings. It is not known at this time, however, whether changes in the quantity of water—or increased access to sanitation services—now available to households are inducing household time reallocations and subsequently changes in behavior relevant to the generation of income. MCC project logics in WASH no longer require time saved from a project to be "productive" for benefits to result. Projects should carefully examine the WASH context and the assumptions and risks in the project logic to determine whether time savings is a valid benefit stream. Use of more granular data on the areas that are targeted (such as urban vs. rural data) may also be beneficial in this determination.
Lesson Learned