Provision of private land-use rights over previously common use grazing land can significantly improve perceptions of tenure security for beneficiaries in terms of both risk of expropriation of land and overgrazing by others. It can also encourage related investment in immovable property. However, even when combining private use rights with provision of wells for water access, materials for fences and animal shelters, and training in rangeland management and intensive dairy farming, it was insufficient to change herder migration patterns or overall incomes. It is unclear whether the lack of effect on migration was due to the majority of semi-intensive leases limited to 2 seasons due to limited land availability. However, overall migration patterns did not change and there may be other factors driving migration patterns and grazing practices that could have been explored more with qualitative data collection following the household surveys.
Lesson Learned